Unraveling the impact of immune heterogeneity on disease spread in ant societies
In social species, frequent interactions among individuals increase the risk of disease transmission. Insects rely on innate immune defenses based on conserved molecular pathways, but immune competence varies due to genetic and environmental factors, affecting not only individual susceptibility but also the potential for onward transmission. In social insects, additional behavioral defenses, collectively termed social immunity, reduce disease spread through grooming, corpse removal, and avoidance of infected individuals. However, these group-level defenses may mask or modify the effects of individual immune variation, complicating our understanding of infection dynamics in social contexts. To what extent social immunity can buffer or amplify individual immune differences, and how immune heterogeneity among group members shapes collective disease outcomes, are questions that remain largely unexplored. This project will investigate how immune variation scales up to influence pathogen transmission in the clonal raider ant Ooceraea biroi, a model well-suited for immune manipulation and behavioral tracking. I will generate immune-suppressed (CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts) and immune-enhanced (immune priming) phenotypes, and combine them with unmanipulated wild-type ants to create groups with controlled levels of immune heterogeneity. Using bacterial and fungal pathogens, I will track infection outcomes, mortality, and behavioral interactions with automated video analysis. The results will clarify whether immune heterogeneity amplifies or mitigates disease spread, and whether its effects arise primarily from physiological protection or from collective behaviors. By bridging molecular, behavioral, and epidemiological perspectives, this work will advance our understanding of disease ecology in complex societies. More broadly, it will provide new insights into how immune variation and interventions such as vaccination influence pathogen dynamics in social systems.
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Imported from OpenAIRE Germany | Grant 101277715.
Open sourceOverview
Grant agreement 101277715 | AntImmuneVariation
Open sourceIn social species, frequent interactions among individuals increase the risk of disease transmission. Insects rely on innate immune defenses based on conserved molecular pathways, but immune competence varies due to genetic and environmental factors, affecting not only individual susceptibility but also the potential for onward transmission. In social insects, additional behavioral defenses, collectively termed social immunity, reduce disease spread through grooming, corpse removal, and avoidance of infected individuals. However, these group-level defenses may mask or modify the effects of individual immune variation, complicating our understanding of infection dynamics in social contexts. To what extent social immunity can buffer or amplify individual immune differences, and how immune heterogeneity among group members shapes collective disease outcomes, are questions that remain largely unexplored. This project will investigate how immune variation scales up to influence pathogen transmission in the clonal raider ant Ooceraea biroi, a model well-suited for immune manipulation and behavioral tracking. I will generate immune-suppressed (CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts) and immune-enhanced (immune priming) phenotypes, and combine them with unmanipulated wild-type ants to create groups with controlled levels of immune heterogeneity. Using bacterial and fungal pathogens, I will track infection outcomes, mortality, and behavioral interactions with automated video analysis. The results will clarify whether immune heterogeneity amplifies or mitigates disease spread, and whether its effects arise primarily from physiological protection or from collective behaviors. By bridging molecular, behavioral, and epidemiological perspectives, this work will advance our understanding of disease ecology in complex societies. More broadly, it will provide new insights into how immune variation and interventions such as vaccination influence pathogen dynamics in social systems.